PENALTIES & PROSECUTION

Quantum of tax ()

Imprisonment

Fine

Offence > 500 lakhs

5 years

Yes

500 lakhs > offence > 200 lakhs

3 years

Yes

200 lakhs > offence > 100 lakhs

1 year

Yes

Sec 132 (f) (g) & (j)

6 months

Can be

SEC 122 – PENALTY FOR CERTAIN OFFENCES

Situation

Penalty

(i) supplies any goods and/or services without issue of any invoice or issues an incorrect or false invoice with regard to any such supply;

HIGHER OF ₹ 10,000/- OR

or, as the case may be, an amount equivalent to

  1. tax evaded or
  2. the tax not deducted or
  3. short deducted or
  4. deducted but not paid to the Government or
  5. tax not collected under section 56 or
  6. short collected or
  7. collected but not paid to the Government or
  8. input tax credit availed of or passed on or distributed irregularly, or
  9. the refund claimed fraudulently

(ii) issues any invoice or bill without supply of goods and/or services in violation of the provisions of this Act, or the rules made thereunder;

(iii) collects any amount as tax but fails to pay the same to the credit of the appropriate Government beyond a period of three months from the date on which such payment becomes due;

(iv) collects any tax in contravention of the provisions of this Act but fails to pay the same to the credit of the appropriate Government beyond a period of three months from the date on which such payment becomes due;

(v) fails to deduct the tax in terms of sub-section (1) of section 51 , or deducts an amount which is less than the amount required to be deducted under the said sub-section, or where he fails to pay to the credit of the appropriate Government under sub-section (2) thereof, the amount deducted as tax;

(vi) fails to collect tax in terms of sub-section 1 of section 52 , or collects an amount which is less than the amount required to be collected under the said sub-section, or where he fails to pay to the credit of the appropriate Government under subsection 1 thereof, the amount collected as tax;

(vii) takes and/or utilizes input tax credit without actual receipt of goods and/or services either fully or partially, in violation of the provisions of this Act, or the rules made thereunder;

(viii) fraudulently obtains refund of any CGST/SGST under this Act;

(ix) takes or distributes input tax credit in violation of section 20, or the rules made thereunder;

(x) falsifies or substitutes financial records or produces fake accounts and/or documents or furnishes any false information or return with an intention to evade payment of tax due under this Act;

(xi) is liable to be registered under this Act but fails to obtain registration;

(xii) furnishes any false information with regard to registration particulars, either at the time of applying for registration, or subsequently;

(xiii) obstructs or prevents any officer in discharge of his duties under the Act;

(xiv) transports any taxable goods without the cover of documents as may be specified in this behalf;

(xv) suppresses his turnover leading to evasion of tax under this Act;

(xvi) fails to keep, maintain or retain books of account and other documents in accordance with the provisions of this Act or the rules made thereunder;

-Do-

(xvii) fails to furnish information and/or documents called for by a CGST/SGST officer in accordance with the provisions of this Act or rules made thereunder or furnishes false information and/or documents during any proceedings under this Act;

(xviii) supplies, transports or stores any goods which he has reason to believe are liable to confiscation under this Act;

(xix) issues any invoice or document by using the identification number of another taxable person;

(xx) tampers with, or destroys any material evidence;

(xxi) disposes off or tampers with any goods that have been detained, seized, or attached under this Act;

Any registered taxable person who supplies any goods or services on which any tax has not been paid or short-paid or erroneously refunded, or where the input tax credit has been wrongly availed or utilized for any reason, other than the reason of fraud or any willful misstatement or suppression of facts to evade tax

HIGHER OF ₹ 10,000/-

OR 10 % of Tax Due

Any registered taxable person who supplies any goods or services on which any tax has not been paid or short-paid or erroneously refunded, or where the input tax credit has been wrongly availed or utilized for any reason of the reason of fraud or any willful misstatement or suppression of facts to evade tax

HIGHER OF ₹ 10,000/-

OR Tax Due

Any person who

  1. aids or abets any of the offences specified in clauses (i) to (xxi) of sub-section (1) above;
  2. acquires possession of, or in any way concerns himself in transporting, removing, depositing, keeping, concealing, supplying, or purchasing or in any other manner deals with any goods which he knows or has reason to believe are liable to confiscation under this Act or the rules made thereunder;
  3. receives or is in any way concerned with the supply of, or in any other manner deals with any supply of services which he knows or has reason to believe are in contravention of any provisions of this Act or the rules made thereunder;
  4. fails to appear before the CGST/SGST officer, when issued with a summon for appearance to give evidence or produce a document in an enquiry;
  5. fails to issue invoice in accordance with the provisions of this Act or rules made thereunder, or fails to account for an invoice in his books of account

Upto ₹ 25,000/-

If a person who is required to furnish an information return under section 150 fails to do so within the period specified in the notice issued under sub-section (3) thereof

LOWER OF ₹ 5,000/-

OR ₹ 100/- per day upto which the failure continues

If any person required to furnish any information or return under section 151,–

  1. without reasonable cause fails to furnish such information or return as may be required under that section, or
  2. willfully furnishes or causes to furnish any information or return which he knows to be false

LOWER OF ₹ 25,000/- OR ₹ 100/- per day after which offence continues

Any person, who contravenes any of the provisions of this Act or any rules made thereunder for which no penalty is separately provided for in this Act,

Upto ₹ 25,000/-

  • Finance Act 2020 has amended Section 122 of CGST Act to levy penalty equal to the amount of tax evaded or ITC availed or passed on by any person who retains the benefit of the below specified offences and at whose instance such offences are conducted –
    • Makes supplies without issue of any invoice or issues false invoice
    • Issues invoice or bill without supply
    • Takes or utilizes input tax credit without actual receipt of goods or services
    • Takes or distributes input tax credit in contravention of ISD provisions
  • Further, Finance Act 2020 has amended Section 132 of the CGST Act to make the offence of fraudulent availment of input tax credit without an invoice or bill a cognizable and non-bailable offence and to make any person who commits, or causes the commission, or retains the benefit of transactions arising out of specified offences liable for punishment.

Sec 126. General disciplines related to penalty

  1. No tax authority shall impose substantial penalties for minor breaches of tax regulations or procedural requirements. In particular, no penalty in respect of any omission or mistake in documentation which is easily rectifiable and obviously made without fraudulent intent or gross negligence shall be greater than necessary to serve merely as a warning.

    Explanation.- For the purpose of this sub-section –

    1. a breach shall be considered a ‘minor breach’ if the amount of tax involved is less than five thousand rupees.
    2. an omission or mistake in documentation shall be considered to be easily rectifiable if the same is an error apparent on record.
  2. The penalty imposed shall depend on the facts and circumstances of the case and shall be commensurate with the degree and severity of the breach.
  3. No penalty shall be imposed on any taxable person without giving a notice to show cause and without giving the person a reasonable opportunity of being heard.
  4. The tax authority shall ensure that when a penalty is imposed in an order for a breach of the laws, regulations or procedural requirements, an explanation is provided therein to the persons upon whom the penalty is imposed, specifying the nature of the breach and the applicable law, regulation or procedure under which the amount or range of penalty for the breach has been prescribed.
  5. When a person voluntarily discloses to a tax authority the circumstances of a breach of the tax law, regulation or procedural requirement prior to the discovery of the breach by the tax authority, the tax authority may consider this fact as a potential mitigating factor when quantifying a penalty for that person.
  6. The provisions of this section shall not apply in such cases where the penalty prescribed under the Act is either a fixed sum or expressed as a fixed percentage.

Sec 130. Confiscation of goods and/or conveyances and levy of penalty

  1. If any person –
    1. supplies or receives any goods in contravention of any of the provisions of this Act or rules made thereunder with intent to evade payment of tax; or
    2. does not account for any goods on which he is liable to pay tax under this Act; or
    3. supplies any goods liable to tax under this Act without having applied for registration; or
    4. contravenes any of the provisions of this Act or rules made thereunder with intent to evade payment of tax; or
    5. uses any conveyance as a means of transport for carriage of taxable goods in contravention of the provisions of this Act or rules made thereunder unless the owner of the conveyance proves that it was so used without the knowledge or connivance of the owner himself, his agent, if any, and the person in charge of the conveyance, then, all such goods and/ or conveyance shall be liable to confiscation and the person shall be liable to penalty under section 122
  2. Whenever confiscation of any goods or conveyance is authorized by this Act, the CGST/SGST officer adjudging it shall give to the owner of the goods or, where such owner is not known, the person from whose possession or custody such goods have been seized or the owner or the person in-charge of the conveyance, an option to pay in lieu of confiscation such fine as the said officer thinks fit:

    PROVIDED that such fine shall not exceed the market value of the goods confiscated, less the tax chargeable thereon:

    PROVIDED FURTHER that the aggregate of such fine and penalty leviable shall not be less than the amount of penalty leviable under sub-section (1) of section 129:

    PROVIDED ALSO that where any such conveyance is used for the carriage of the goods or passengers for hire, the owner of the conveyance shall be given an option to pay in lieu of the confiscation of the conveyance a fine equal to the tax payable on the goods being transported thereon.

  3. Where any fine in lieu of confiscation of goods or conveyance is imposed under sub-section (2), the owner of such goods or the person referred to in sub-section (1), shall, in addition, be liable to any tax and charges payable in respect of such goods.
  4. No order of confiscation of goods and/or conveyance and/or imposition of penalty shall be issued without serving a notice on such person requiring him to show cause and without giving the person a reasonable opportunity of being heard.
  5. Where any goods and/or conveyance are confiscated under this Act, the title of such goods and/or conveyance shall thereupon vest in the appropriate Government.
  6. The proper officer adjudging confiscation shall take and hold possession of the things confiscated and every Officer of Police, on the requisition of such proper officer, shall assist him in taking and holding such possession.
  7. The proper officer may, after satisfying himself that the confiscated goods and conveyance are not required in any other proceedings under this Act and after giving reasonable time not exceeding three months to pay fine in lieu of confiscation, dispose such goods and/or conveyances and deposit the sale proceeds thereof with the Government.