Accounting and Auditing
- Accounting Ratios
- Applicability of Accounting Standards to Various Entities
- Companies (Auditor’s Report) Order, 2020
- Components of Financial Statements
- Due Diligence Review
- Fraud Reporting
- Gist of Standards of Auditing (SA)
- Reporting on Internal Financial Controls
- Some illustrative formats of Independent Auditor’s Reports
- Standards on Auditing
- Tax Audit Checklist
Standards on Auditing
In order to facilitate understanding of the scope and authority of the pronouncements of the Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (‘AASB’), the ICAI has issued revised preface viz., Preface to Standards on Quality Control for Auditing, Review, Other Assurance and Related Services, which has come into effect from 1st April, 2008. Standards of the following nature issued by the AASB shall be collectively known as ‘the Engagement Standards’:
Standards on Quality Control (SQC) are applicable to the auditing firms which performs Audits and Reviews of Historical Financial information and other Assurance and related services engagements.
Standards on Auditing (SAs), to be applied in the audit of historical financial information.
Standards on Review Engagements (SREs), to be applied in the review of historical financial information.
Standards on Assurance Engagements (SAEs), to be applied in assurance engagements, dealing with subject matters other than historical financial information.
Standards on Related Services (SRSs), to be applied to engagements involving application of agreed upon procedures to information, compilation engagements, and other related services engagements, as may be specified by the ICAI.
Auditing and Assurance Standard (‘AAS’) have been re-numbered and classified in the above five categories as Standards on Auditing:
LIST OF STATEMENTS AND STANDARDS AS ON 1-4-2019
SA |
Subject |
Dated |
---|---|---|
SQC 1 |
Quality Control for Firms that Perform Audits and Reviews of Historical Financial Information, and Other Assurance and Related Services Engagements |
01-04-2009 |
200 |
Overall objectives of the Independent Auditor and the conduct of an Audit in accordance with Standards on Auditing |
01-04-2010 |
210 |
Terms of Audit Engagements |
01-04-2010 |
220 |
Quality Control for an Audit of Financial Statements |
01-04-2010 |
230 |
Audit Documentation (Revised 2018) |
01-04-2009 |
240 |
The Auditor’s Responsibility Relating to Fraud in an Audit of Financial Statements |
01-04-2009 |
250 |
Consideration of Laws and Regulations in an Audit of Financial Statements |
01-04-2009 |
260 |
Communication with those Charged with Governance |
01-04-2017 |
265 |
Communicating Deficiencies in Internal Control to those Charged with Governance and Management |
01-04-2010 |
299 |
Responsibility of Joint Auditors |
01-04-1996 |
300 |
Planning of Audit of Financial Statements |
01-04-2008 |
315 |
Identifying and Assessing the Risks of Material Misstatement through Understanding the Entity and its Environment |
01-04-2008 |
320 |
Materiality in Planning and Performing an Audit |
01-04-2010 |
330 |
The Auditor’s Response to Assessed Risks |
01-04-2008 |
402 |
Audit Considerations Relating to an Entity Using a Service Organisation |
01-04-2010 |
450 |
Evaluation of Misstatements Identified during the Audit |
01-04-2010 |
500 |
Audit Evidence |
01-04-2009 |
501 |
Audit Evidence – Specific Considerations for Selected Items |
01-04-2010 |
505 |
External Confirmations |
01-04-2010 |
510 |
Initial Audit Engagements – Opening Balances |
01-04-2010 |
520 |
Analytical Procedures |
01-04-2010 |
530 |
Audit Sampling |
01-04-2009 |
540 |
Auditing Accounting Estimates, Including Fair Value Accounting Estimates, and Related Disclosures |
01-04-2009 |
550 |
Related Parties |
01-04-2010 |
560 |
Subsequent Events |
01-04-2009 |
570 |
Going Concern |
01-04-2017 |
580 |
Written Representations |
01-04-2009 |
600 |
Using the work of Another Auditor |
01-04-2002 |
610 |
Using the work of an Internal Auditor (Revised 2018) |
01-04-2010 |
620 |
Using work of an Auditor’s expert |
01-04-2010 |
700 |
Forming an Opinion and Reporting on Financial Statements (Revised) |
01-04-2018 |
701 |
Communicating Key Audit Matters in the Independent Auditor’s Report |
01-04-2018 |
705 |
Modifications to the Opinion in the Independent Auditor’s Report (Revised) |
01-04-2018 |
706 |
Emphasis of Matter Paragraphs and Order Matter Paragraphs in the Independent Auditor’s Report (Revised) |
01-04-2018 |
710 |
Comparatives Information – Corresponding Figures and Comparative Financial Statements |
01-04-2011 |
720 |
The Auditor’s Responsibility in Relation to Other Information in Documents Containing Audited Financial Statements |
01-04-2010 |
800 |
Special Consideration – Audits of Financial Statements Prepared in Accordance with Special Purpose Framework |
01-04-2011 |
805 |
Special Consideration – Audits of Single Financial Statements and Specific Elements, Accounts or Items of a Financial Statement |
01-04-2011 |
810 |
Engagements to Report on Summary Financial Statements |
01-04-2011 |
SRE |
Standards on Review Engagements |
|
2400 |
Engagements to Review Historical Financial Statements |
01-04-2010 |
2410 |
Review of Interim Financial Information Performed by the Independent Auditor of the Entity |
01-04-2010 |
Assurance Engagements other than Audits or Reviews of Historical Financial information |
||
SAE |
Standards on Assurance Engagements |
|
3400 |
The Examination of Prospective Financial Information |
01-04-2007 |
3402 |
Assurance Reports on Controls at a Service Organisation |
01-04-2011 |
3420 |
Assurance Engagements to Report on the Compilation of Pro Forma Financial Information included in a Prospectus |
01-04-2016 |
SRS |
Standards on Related Services |
|
4400 |
Engagements to Perform Agreed-upon Procedures Regarding Financial Information |
01-04-2004 |
4410 |
Compilation Engagements |
01-04-2004 |
D. |
Statements on Auditing |
|
1 |
Statement on Auditing Practices |
|
2 |
Statement on Qualifications in Auditor’s Report |
|
3 |
Statement on CARO 2016 (To be referred to till a separate statement is issued on CARO 2020, notified recently) |
|
4 |
Statement of payments to Auditors for other services |
|
5 |
Statement on responsibility of Joint Auditors |
|
E. |
Guidance Notes |
|
I |
Guidance Note on Tax Audit u/s. 44AB of Income-tax Act, 1961 |
|
II |
Guidance Note on Report under section 92E of the Income-tax Act, 1961 (Transfer Pricing) - (Revised-2016) |
|
III |
Guidance Notes on Accounting Aspects |
|
1 |
Guidance Note on Turnover in case of Contractors |
|
2 |
Guidance Note on Applicability of Accounting Standard (AS) – 25 to Interim Financial Results |
|
3 |
Guidance Note on Terms used in Financial Statements |
|
4 |
Guidance Note on Accrual Basis of Accounting |
|
5 |
Guidance Note on Accounting for Depreciation in Companies (Schedule II of Companies Act 2013) |
|
6 |
Guidance Note on Accounting for Corporate Dividend Tax |
|
7 |
Guidance Note on Accounting for Treatment of Excise Duty |
|
8 |
Guidance Note on Accounting by Schools |
|
9 |
Guidance Note on Accounting for Credit available in respect of Minimum Alternative Tax under the Income-tax Act, 1961 |
|
10 |
Guidance Note on Accounting on Measurement of Income Tax for Interim Financial Reporting in the context of AS 25 |
|
11 |
Guidance Note on Accounting for MODVAT/CENVAT |
|
12 |
Guidance Note on Accounting of Self-Generated Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) (Issued 2012) |
|
13 |
Guidance Note on Accounting for Rate Regulated Activities |
|
14 |
Guidance Note on Accounting for Real Estate Transaction (Revised 2012) |
|
15 |
Guidance Note on Oil and Gas Producing Activities (Ind AS) |
|
16 |
Guidance Note on Oil and Gas Producing Activities (Revised 2013) |
|
17 |
Guidance Note on Accounting for Derivative Contracts (Issued 2015) |
|
18 |
Guidance Note on Expenditure on Corporate Social Responsibility Activities (Issued May 15, 2015) |
|
19 |
Guidance Note on Accounting for Real Estate Transactions (for entities to whom Ind AS is applicable) |
|
20 |
Guidance Note on Audit of Internal Financial Controls Over Financial Reporting |
|
21 |
Guidance Note on Accounting and Auditing of Political Parties |
|
22 |
Guidance Note on Combined and Carve-Out Financial Statements (September 2016) |
|
IV |
Guidance Notes on Auditing Aspects |
|
1 |
Audit of Accounts of Non-Corporate Entities (Bank Borrowers) |
|
2 |
Audit of Cash and Bank Balances |
|
3 |
Audit of Consolidated Financial Statements |
|
4 |
Audit of Debtors, Loans & Advances |
|
5 |
Audit of Expenses |
|
6 |
Audit of Investments |
|
7 |
Audit of Liabilities |
|
8 |
Audit of Miscellaneous Expenditure (Revised) |
|
9 |
Audit of Payment of Dividend |
|
10 |
Audit of Revenue |
|
11 |
Audit Reports and Certificates for Special Purposes (Revised 2016) |
|
12 |
Audit of Accounts of Liquidators |
|
13 |
Capital & Reserves |
|
14 |
Certificate on Corporate Governance (Revised) |
|
15 |
Certificate to be issued by the Auditor of a Company pursuant to Companies (Acceptance of Deposits) Rules, 1975 |
|
16 |
Certificate of Documents for Registration of Charges |
|
17 |
Computer Assisted Audit Techniques (CAATs) |
|
18 |
Duty Cast on the Auditors u/s. 45-MA of the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 |
|
19 |
Independence of Auditors (Revised) |
|
20 |
Preparation of Financial Statements on Letterheads and Stationery of Auditors |
|
21 |
Provision for Proposed Dividend |
|
22 |
Sections 227(3)(e) and (f) of the Companies Act, 1956 (Revised) |
|
23 |
Section 293A of the Companies Act and the Auditor |
|
24 |
Audit of Property, Plant & Equipment |
|
25 |
Certification of XBRL Financial Statements |
|
IV |
Industry Specific Guidance Notes: |
|
1 |
Audit of Banks 2020 edition (Published recently) |
|
2 |
Audit of Members of Stock Exchanges |
|
3 |
Audit of Companies Carrying on General Insurance Business |
|
4 |
Audit of Companies Carrying on Life Insurance Business. |
|
5 |
Guidance Note on Reporting under the Companies (Auditor’s Report) Order, 2016 (See Note below) |
|
6 |
Guidance Note on Reporting on Fraud under Section 143(12) of the Companies Act, 2013 |
|
7 |
Reports in Company Prospectuses (Revised 2019) |
|
8 |
Guidance Note on Reporting under Section 143(3)(f) of the Act and Reporting under Section 143(3)(h) of the Act |
|
Secretarial Standards notified under the Companies Act, 2013 |
||
SS1 |
Meetings of the Board of Directors |
|
SS2 |
General Meetings |